1 - timeshift的介绍
timeshift的介绍
Timeshift 是一款自由开源工具，可创建文件系统的增量快照。可以使用 RSYNC 或 BTRFS 两种方式创建快照。
项目地址：
https://github.com/teejee2008/timeshift
参考资料：
在 ubuntu server 安装完成之后，第一时间安装 timeshift 进行备份，后续配置过程中随时可以回滚。
2 - timeshift的安装配置
安装并配置timeshift
安装
sudo apt install timeshift
完成之后看一下：
$ sudo timeshift
Timeshift v20.03 by Tony George (teejeetech@gmail.com)
Syntax:
timeshift --check
timeshift --create [OPTIONS]
timeshift --restore [OPTIONS]
timeshift --delete-[all] [OPTIONS]
timeshift --list-{snapshots|devices} [OPTIONS]
配置
默认安装后，在第一次运行前，我们需要修改 timeshift 的配置文件，否则 timeshift 会默认找到一个 ext4 分区作为备份区。
看一下目前的硬盘情况：
$ sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 55.45 MiB, 58130432 bytes, 113536 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop1: 70.32 MiB, 73728000 bytes, 144000 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/loop2: 32.3 MiB, 33865728 bytes, 66144 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 838.37 GiB, 900185481216 bytes, 219771846 sectors
Disk model: MZ1LB960HBJR-000FB
Units: sectors of 1 * 4096 = 4096 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 131072 bytes / 131072 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 7C431E31-78CA-4600-9C2F-C68D10E793CC
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 256 131327 131072 512M EFI System
/dev/nvme0n1p2 131328 196739327 196608000 750G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3 196739328 219771391 23032064 87.9G Linux filesystem
这里的 /dev/nvme0n1p3 是我为 timeshift 预留的分区，存放在 nvme 磁盘上，以保证备份和恢复的速度。
$ sudo lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
loop0 squashfs 0 100% /snap/core18/2128
loop1 squashfs 0 100% /snap/lxd/21029
loop2 squashfs 0 100% /snap/snapd/12704
nvme0n1
├─nvme0n1p1 vfat 72C9-B4E4 504.9M 1% /boot/efi
├─nvme0n1p2 ext4 a83415e6-ed69-4932-9d08-1e87d7510dc1 689.1G 1% /
└─nvme0n1p3 ext4 9b22569d-9410-48cc-b994-10257b2d0498 81.5G 0% /run/timeshift/backup
记录 nvme0n1p3 的 uuid ，然后修改配置, sudo vi /etc/timeshift/timeshift.json 打开后设置 backup_device_uuid 为 nvme0n1p3 的 uuid :
{
"backup_device_uuid" : "9b22569d-9410-48cc-b994-10257b2d0498",
"parent_device_uuid" : "",
"do_first_run" : "true",
"btrfs_mode" : "false",
"include_btrfs_home" : "false",
"stop_cron_emails" : "true",
"schedule_monthly" : "false",
"schedule_weekly" : "false",
"schedule_daily" : "false",
"schedule_hourly" : "false",
"schedule_boot" : "false",
"count_monthly" : "2",
"count_weekly" : "3",
"count_daily" : "5",
"count_hourly" : "6",
"count_boot" : "5",
"snapshot_size" : "0",
"snapshot_count" : "0",
"exclude" : [
],
"exclude-apps" : [
]
}
执行timeshift命令，就能看到配置生效了：
sudo timeshift --list
First run mode (config file not found)
Selected default snapshot type: RSYNC
/dev/nvme0n1p3 is mounted at: /run/timeshift/backup, options: rw,relatime,stripe=32
Device : /dev/nvme0n1p3
UUID : 9b22569d-9410-48cc-b994-10257b2d0498
Path : /run/timeshift/backup
Mode : RSYNC
Status : No snapshots on this device
First snapshot requires: 0 B
No snapshots found
3 - 创建timeshift快照
通过create命令创建timeshift快照进行备份
创建快照
命令介绍
常见快照的命令为：
sudo timeshift --create --comments "first backup after install" --tags O
tags的类型:
- O: Ondemand，默认值，一般用于手工创建快照
- B: Boot
- H: Hourly
- D: Daily
- W: Weekly
- M: Monthly
示例
这是创建的第一个快照，操作系统和 timeshift 安装完成之后的第一个快照：
$ sudo timeshift --create --comments "first backup after install"
/dev/nvme0n1p6 is mounted at: /run/timeshift/backup, options: rw,relatime
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Estimating system size...
Creating new snapshot...(RSYNC)
Saving to device: /dev/nvme0n1p6, mounted at path: /run/timeshift/backup
Synching files with rsync...
Created control file: /run/timeshift/backup/timeshift/snapshots/2022-01-06_08-19-32/info.json
RSYNC Snapshot saved successfully (28s)
Tagged snapshot '2022-01-06_08-19-32': ondemand
完成后查看：
$ sudo timeshift --list
/dev/nvme0n1p6 is mounted at: /run/timeshift/backup, options: rw,relatime
Device : /dev/nvme0n1p6
UUID : 208eb500-fd49-4580-b4ea-3b126d5b0fe4
Path : /run/timeshift/backup
Mode : RSYNC
Status : OK
1 snapshots, 96.1 GB free
Num Name Tags Description
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0 > 2022-01-06_08-19-32 O first backup after install