fdisk命令
Linux fdisk 命令
查看分区情况
sudo fdisk -l
输出类似，这里有两块sdd硬盘：
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 465.78 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WDS500G1B0C-00S6U0
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: AB8D3D88-0124-404E-B1BC-658E567C569D
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme1n1p1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/nvme1n1p2 1050624 839911423 838860800 400G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p3 839911424 976771071 136859648 65.3G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 3.74 TiB, 4096805658624 bytes, 8001573552 sectors
Disk model: YSSDHB-4TN7000
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
对硬盘进行分区
通过 fdisk -l 命令找到要进行分区的硬盘，比如这里是 /dev/nvme0n1：
sudo fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
如果硬盘没有分区表，则会提示：
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
The size of this disk is 3.7 TiB (4096805658624 bytes). DOS partition table format cannot be used on drives for volumes larger than 2199023255040 bytes for 512-byte sectors. Use GUID partition table format (GPT).
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x55c9e168.
Command (m for help):
推荐使用 GPT 分区。
之后输入 m 可以得到帮助菜单：
Command (m for help): m
Help:
DOS (MBR)
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit nested BSD disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
Generic
d delete a partition
F list free unpartitioned space
l list known partition types
n add a new partition
p print the partition table
t change a partition type
v verify the partition table
i print information about a partition
Misc
m print this menu
u change display/entry units
x extra functionality (experts only)
Script
I load disk layout from sfdisk script file
O dump disk layout to sfdisk script file
Save & Exit
w write table to disk and exit
q quit without saving changes
Create a new label
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
o create a new empty DOS partition table
s create a new empty Sun partition table
这里首先输入 g 来创建 GPT 分区表：
Command (m for help): g
Created a new GPT disklabel (GUID: DA503D82-D785-4A47-A701-504DB1ED256C).
然后输入 n 来创建新的分区，这里简单起见，将整个硬盘作为一个单个分区 3.7T：
Command (m for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-8001573518, default 2048):
Last sector, +/-sectors or +/-size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-8001573518, default 8001573518):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux filesystem' and of size 3.7 TiB.
输入 w 写入硬盘并退出：
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分区完成之后检查硬盘：
sudo fdisk -l
Disk /dev/nvme1n1: 465.78 GiB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors
Disk model: WDC WDS500G1B0C-00S6U0
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: AB8D3D88-0124-404E-B1BC-658E567C569D
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme1n1p1 2048 1050623 1048576 512M EFI System
/dev/nvme1n1p2 1050624 839911423 838860800 400G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme1n1p3 839911424 976771071 136859648 65.3G Linux filesystem
Disk /dev/nvme0n1: 3.74 TiB, 4096805658624 bytes, 8001573552 sectors
Disk model: YSSDHB-4TN7000
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: DA503D82-D785-4A47-A701-504DB1ED256C
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p1 2048 8001573518 8001571471 3.7T Linux filesystem
后续操作
格式化
再对分区进行格式化，这里采用 ext4 格式：
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1
➜ ~ sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p1
mke2fs 1.45.5 (07-Jan-2020)
Discarding device blocks: done
Creating filesystem with 1000196433 4k blocks and 250052608 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 0478bcae-bab0-4762-a48a-6bdab9d99d5b
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
挂载
通过
lsblk --fs
命令查看分区的 UUID 备用：
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
nvme1n1
|-nvme1n1p1 vfat 4FD8-D561 504.9M 1% /boot/efi
|-nvme1n1p2 ext4 7a60bb3b-ea82-47c0-86d0-f92edba2a466 356.4G 4% /
`-nvme1n1p3 ext4 68100d98-ccea-4f5e-8663-16ff1b194ac1 52.7G 12% /timeshift
nvme0n1
`-nvme0n1p1 ext4 0478bcae-bab0-4762-a48a-6bdab9d99d5b
执行
sudo vi /etc/fstab
可以看到：
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/nvme0n1p2 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/7a60bb3b-ea82-47c0-86d0-f92edba2a466 / ext4 defaults 0 1
# /timeshift was on /dev/nvme0n1p3 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/68100d98-ccea-4f5e-8663-16ff1b194ac1 /timeshift ext4 defaults 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/nvme0n1p1 during curtin installation
/dev/disk/by-uuid/4FD8-D561 /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1
类似的增加一行记录
/dev/disk/by-uuid/0478bcae-bab0-4762-a48a-6bdab9d99d5b /data ext4 defaults 0 1
注意需要提前创建挂载的目录
sudo mkdir /data
保存后，重启或者执行 sudo mount -a 生效。