1 - Docker基础命令概述
Docker基础命令概述
Docker基础命令:
| 命令 | 命令描述 |
|---|---|
| info | 显示 Docker 详细的系统信息 |
| version | 显示docker客户端和服务端版本信息 |
| inspect | 查看容器或镜像的配置信息, 默认为json数据 |
| events | 实时打印服务端执行的事件 |
2 - info命令
Docker的info命令
介绍
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/info/
此命令显示有关Docker安装的系统范围信息。 显示的信息包括内核版本，容器和镜像的数量。 显示的镜像数量是唯一镜像的数量。以不同名称标记的相同镜像仅计算一次。
如果指定了格式，则将执行给定模板而不是默认格式。 Go的文本/模板包描述了格式的所有细节。
根据所使用的存储驱动程序，可以显示其他信息，例如池名称，数据文件，元数据文件，使用的数据空间，总数据空间，使用的元数据空间以及总元数据空间。
数据文件存储镜像，元数据文件是存储和这些镜像相关的元数据。当第一次运行时，Docker从挂载了 /var/lib/docker 的卷上的可用空间分配一定数量的数据空间和元数据空间。
使用
$ docker info
Containers: 4 # 容器数量
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 4
Images: 39 # 镜像数量
Server Version: 18.09.1 # 服务器版本
Storage Driver: overlay2 # 存储驱动程序
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file # 日志驱动程序
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs # cgroup驱动程序
Plugins: # 插件
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive # swarm信息
Runtimes: runc # runtimes信息
Default Runtime: runc # 默认runtime
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: 9754871865f7fe2f4e74d43e2fc7ccd237edcbce
runc version: 96ec2177ae841256168fcf76954f7177af9446eb
init version: fec3683
Security Options: # 安全选项
apparmor
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.15.0-38-generic # linux内核版本
Operating System: Linux Mint 18.3 # 操作系统
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 12 # 硬件信息
Total Memory: 15.12GiB
Name: skywork
ID: CICY:F7VQ:DKBG:IEG4:SY75:A6IK:DV52:GIXI:F3P5:VPIM:QMU3:ZXK2
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker # docker根目录
Debug Mode (client): false
Debug Mode (server): false
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ # 镜像仓库
Labels:
Experimental: false
Insecure Registries: # 非安全镜像仓库
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors: # 镜像仓库
https://××××.mirror.aliyuncs.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine # docker的产品license
WARNING: No swap limit support
其中的警告 “WARNING: No swap limit support ” 可以忽略，除非帧的需要这个能力。
格式化输出
可以通过 -f 选项格式化输出：
$ docker info --format '{{json .}}'
{
"ID":"CICY:F7VQ:DKBG:IEG4:SY75:A6IK:DV52:GIXI:F3P5:VPIM:QMU3:ZXK2",
"Containers":4,
"ContainersRunning":0,
"ContainersPaused":0,
"ContainersStopped":4,
"Images":39,
"Driver":"overlay2",
"DriverStatus":[
[
"Backing Filesystem",
"extfs"
],
[
"Supports d_type",
"true"
],
[
"Native Overlay Diff",
"true"
]
],
"SystemStatus":null,
"Plugins":{
"Volume":[
"local"
],
"Network":[
"bridge",
"host",
"macvlan",
"null",
"overlay"
],
"Authorization":null,
"Log":[
"awslogs",
"fluentd",
"gcplogs",
"gelf",
"journald",
"json-file",
"local",
"logentries",
"splunk",
"syslog"
]
},
"MemoryLimit":true,
"SwapLimit":false,
"KernelMemory":true,
"CpuCfsPeriod":true,
"CpuCfsQuota":true,
"CPUShares":true,
"CPUSet":true,
"IPv4Forwarding":true,
"BridgeNfIptables":true,
"BridgeNfIp6tables":true,
"Debug":false,
"NFd":21,
"OomKillDisable":true,
"NGoroutines":36,
"SystemTime":"2019-01-26T21:02:24.681737152+08:00",
"LoggingDriver":"json-file",
"CgroupDriver":"cgroupfs",
"NEventsListener":0,
"KernelVersion":"4.15.0-38-generic",
"OperatingSystem":"Linux Mint 18.3",
"OSType":"linux",
"Architecture":"x86_64",
"IndexServerAddress":"https://index.docker.io/v1/",
"RegistryConfig":{
"AllowNondistributableArtifactsCIDRs":[
],
"AllowNondistributableArtifactsHostnames":[
],
"InsecureRegistryCIDRs":[
"127.0.0.0/8"
],
"IndexConfigs":{
"docker.io":{
"Name":"docker.io",
"Mirrors":[
"https://****.mirror.aliyuncs.com/"
],
"Secure":true,
"Official":true
}
},
"Mirrors":[
"https://****.mirror.aliyuncs.com/"
]
},
"NCPU":12,
"MemTotal":16233955328,
"GenericResources":null,
"DockerRootDir":"/var/lib/docker",
"HttpProxy":"",
"HttpsProxy":"",
"NoProxy":"",
"Name":"skywork",
"Labels":[
],
"ExperimentalBuild":false,
"ServerVersion":"18.09.1",
"ClusterStore":"",
"ClusterAdvertise":"",
"Runtimes":{
"runc":{
"path":"runc"
}
},
"DefaultRuntime":"runc",
"Swarm":{
"NodeID":"",
"NodeAddr":"",
"LocalNodeState":"inactive",
"ControlAvailable":false,
"Error":"",
"RemoteManagers":null
},
"LiveRestoreEnabled":false,
"Isolation":"",
"InitBinary":"docker-init",
"ContainerdCommit":{
"ID":"9754871865f7fe2f4e74d43e2fc7ccd237edcbce",
"Expected":"9754871865f7fe2f4e74d43e2fc7ccd237edcbce"
},
"RuncCommit":{
"ID":"96ec2177ae841256168fcf76954f7177af9446eb",
"Expected":"96ec2177ae841256168fcf76954f7177af9446eb"
},
"InitCommit":{
"ID":"fec3683",
"Expected":"fec3683"
},
"SecurityOptions":[
"name=apparmor",
"name=seccomp,profile=default"
],
"ProductLicense":"Community Engine",
"Warnings":[
"WARNING: No swap limit support"
]
}
3 - version命令
Docker的version命令
介绍
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/version/
默认情况下，这将以易于阅读的布局呈现所有版本信息。 如果指定了格式，则将执行给定的模板。
使用
$ docker version
Client:
Version: 18.09.1
API version: 1.39
Go version: go1.10.6
Git commit: 4c52b90
Built: Wed Jan 9 19:35:23 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 18.09.1
API version: 1.39 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.10.6
Git commit: 4c52b90
Built: Wed Jan 9 19:02:44 2019
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
格式化输出
$ docker version --format '{{json .}}'
则输出格式(https://www.json.cn/ 转格式)为：
{
"Client":{
"Platform":{
"Name":""
},
"Version":"18.09.1",
"ApiVersion":"1.39",
"DefaultAPIVersion":"1.39",
"GitCommit":"4c52b90",
"GoVersion":"go1.10.6",
"Os":"linux",
"Arch":"amd64",
"BuildTime":"Wed Jan 9 19:35:23 2019",
"Experimental":false
},
"Server":{
"Platform":{
"Name":"Docker Engine - Community"
},
"Components":[
{
"Name":"Engine",
"Version":"18.09.1",
"Details":{
"ApiVersion":"1.39",
"Arch":"amd64",
"BuildTime":"Wed Jan 9 19:02:44 2019",
"Experimental":"false",
"GitCommit":"4c52b90",
"GoVersion":"go1.10.6",
"KernelVersion":"4.15.0-38-generic",
"MinAPIVersion":"1.12",
"Os":"linux"
}
}
],
"Version":"18.09.1",
"ApiVersion":"1.39",
"MinAPIVersion":"1.12",
"GitCommit":"4c52b90",
"GoVersion":"go1.10.6",
"Os":"linux",
"Arch":"amd64",
"KernelVersion":"4.15.0-38-generic",
"BuildTime":"2019-01-09T19:02:44.000000000+00:00"
}
}
可以单独获取其中某个数据，如:
docker version --format '{{.Server.Version}}'
18.09.1
4 - inspect命令
Docker的inspect命令
介绍
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/
返回有关Docker对象的低层信息。
Docker inspect 命令提供被其控制的各种结构的详细信息。
使用
docker inspect [OPTIONS] NAME|ID [NAME|ID...]
需要给出目标对象的name或者id。
如果要查看镜像，可以先用 docker images 命令看到本地所有镜像
docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.12.2 15e9da1ca195 3 months ago 96.5MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.12.2 51a9c329b7c5 3 months ago 194MB
然后通过ID 来使用 inspect 命令：
docker inspect 15e9da1ca195
默认是返回完整信息，json格式：
[
{
"Id": "sha256:15e9da1ca195086627363bb2e8f5bfca7048345325287d307afd317bab2045b0",
"RepoTags": [
"k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.12.2"
],
"RepoDigests": [
"k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy@sha256:b77f615c0a914efbf4c66b37011b0f87e28498af6cc71590ecbd67b6be005a60"
],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2018-10-24T07:43:58.286868924Z",
"Container": "",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ADD file:5e8feab95fcebf67c56cc114f6ec97cfb09bcfedacb175bb1951cb5d6e385574 in /usr/local/bin/kube-proxy "
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:e1f02e54b200d3a4f3b46b6f0ec4995d92c33707a3c2edf6fb5162c7c406fab5",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null
},
"DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:e1f02e54b200d3a4f3b46b6f0ec4995d92c33707a3c2edf6fb5162c7c406fab5",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": null
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 96469663,
"VirtualSize": 96469663,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/e35f184dc38f9107e8bdaafd718e61a2e4251879d81a33ed59a884ced01b7b8e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b1237288693892b66dcaee6b47625303b7814844a93c71bd2fd5d7bb49fbefaa/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/229d3a5fb18ee157fc6b3b3a8d11d3adfb5b6cefa9d81a5e9332b345816de10c/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/229d3a5fb18ee157fc6b3b3a8d11d3adfb5b6cefa9d81a5e9332b345816de10c/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/229d3a5fb18ee157fc6b3b3a8d11d3adfb5b6cefa9d81a5e9332b345816de10c/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:0c1604b64aedf4f5060a25da1b96b21aa803a878ce475633d02a4aba854252a7",
"sha256:dc6f419d40a27032570a3bd2813f10abd09620e68974f3d74e09ecf6a3a4113c",
"sha256:2d9b7a4a23dd71483150c1b9bfb136e2a1196897efb8191e4aafdc78eb7bcb4e"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
格式化输出
同样可以通过格式化输出获取特定的属性值。
$ docker inspect --format='{{.Id}}' 15e9da1ca195
sha256:15e9da1ca195086627363bb2e8f5bfca7048345325287d307afd317bab2045b0
$ docker inspect --format='{{.RootFS.Type}}' 15e9da1ca195
layers
更多案例参看官方文档: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/inspect/
5 - events命令
Docker的events命令
介绍
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/events/
使用 docker events 命令从服务器获取实时事件。这些事件因Docker对象类型而异。
使用
docker events
然后接受各种事件。
具体用法见官方文档：
- 用时间过滤事件
- 用标准规范过滤事件
- 格式化输出
https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/events/